学好英语 改变人生

“It”高考考点透析

    It用法颇多。在高考题中屡屡出现，颇受高考命题人的青睐。下面结合高考试题来谈谈它的用法，希望能对同学们有所帮助。

一、it 用作代词的用法

1.用来指时间、地点、天气、距离、环境等。例如:

---What time is it?

---It is ten o'clock now.

It is windy today.

It is about ten minutes’ walk from here to the station.

注：it表示时间时有几个重要句型，同学们要注意掌握他们的用法及其区别。

1）It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... “是该做某事的时候了”。该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，常用过去时态表示虚拟。有时也用“should + 动词原形”，should 不能省。例如：

It is time that we had breakfast.

I It’s (about/high) time that we should take action.

2) It be the first ( second ... ) time that ... “第几次做某事了”。该句型中的 that 从句用完成时态。如果主句动词be是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果主句动词be是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去。例如：

It’s the third time that he has failed the driving test.

It was the first time that I had been praised.

3）It be+段时间+ since ... “自从……以来”。该句型时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。主句中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。例如：

It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来已经有三年了。

It is three years since he was in our class.他离开我们班有三年了。

It has been three years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住有三年了。

4）It be+点时间+ when ... ＂当……的时候，是……＂。该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。例如：

It was already twelve o’clock when he came here. 

5）It be+段时间+ before ... “多久之后才……”、“不久……就……”。该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。例如： 

 It will be not long before we meet again.不久我们就会再见面的。

2.用来指代前面提到过的事物或情况。例如:

This is not my pen. It’s Tom’s.

注：it,them,one,ones,that,和those都可以作替代词，它们的用法区别是高考考查热点。

1)it指代上文出现的同一个事物，既可以指代可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词, 其复

数形式是them。例如：

---Have you seen my pen?

---Yes,it’s in the desk.

2) one指代单数可数名词，泛指同类事物中的一个；其复数形式是ones，泛指一些。例如：

I prefer a flat in east district to one in west district.

They keep one black dog and two white ones.

3) that用来替代前面提到的特指事物，既可以指代单数可数名词，也可以指代不可数名词。代替单数可数名词可以用the one替代。其复数形式是those,指代复数名词，表特指。例如：

The weather here is not so good as that there.

The days in summer are longer than those in winter.

  3.用来指人。多指婴儿或指身份不明的人（通常是只闻其声，不见其人时）。例如:

---Who is knocking at the door?

---It must be Tom..

经典高考例题

1.My most famous relative of all,____ who really left his mark on America ,was Reb Sussel,my greatgrand-mother.(江苏06)

A.one   B. the one  C.he   D.someone

2. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ____didn't help. (NMET93)

A.he   B.which   C.she   D.it

3.---Do you like ___ here?(全国II04)

 ---Oh,yes,The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is so nice.

A.this   B.these   C.that   D.it

4. ---He was nearly drowned once.

  ---When was ___ ?

  ---___ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.(NMET98)

A.that;It   B.this:This   C.this: It   D.that:This

5．Cars do cause us some health problem---in fact far more serious ___ than mobile phones do.(江西05)

A.one   B.ones   C.it   D.those

6.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ____ I will always treasure.(全国02)

A.that   B.one   C.it   D.what

7.We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ____ we like yet.(浙江05)

A.one   B.ones   C.it   D.them

8.I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than ____ in the city.(江苏05)

A.Ones   B.one   C.that   D.those

9.We need a new cupboard for the kitchen.So Peter made ____ from some wood we had.(全国Ⅳ04)

A.it   B.one   C.himself   D.another

10.I intended to compare notes with a friend,but unfortunately ____ couldn’t spare me even one minute.(重庆04)

A.they   B.one   C.who   D.it

11.That was really a splendid evening.It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.(安徽05)

A.when   B.that   C.before   D.since

12.Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ his works unfinished.(福建04)

A.since   B.after   C.before   D.when

13.---Did Jack come back early last night?

  ---Yes,it was not yet eight o’clock ___ he arrived home.（福建05）

A.before   B.when   C.that   D.until

14. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET01)

A.they  B.it   C.one   D.which

15.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday,but ___ didn’t help.(全国Ⅲ05)

A.it   B.she   C.which   D.he

16. I prefer a flat in Inverness to ___ in Perth,because I want to live near my Mom”s.(天津05)

A.one   B.that   C.it   D.this

17 .I hope there are enough glasse for each guest to have ________.(NMET  1995)

A.it     B.those    C.them     D.one

18. It was some time ___ we realized the truth.(山东05)

A.when   B.until   C.since   D.before

19. It is almost five years ___ we saw each other last time.(北京春05)

A.before   B.since   C.after   D.when

20. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ________to be much better. (NMET93)

A.that   B.this   C.one   D.it

21．Few pleasures can equal ___________of a cool drink on a hot day.(NMET99)

A.some        B.any         C.that        D.those

Key:1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.D 18.D19.B 20.D 21.C

二、it用作形式主语。

 it 常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句，位于句首，而被替代的真正主语后置。常见的句型有下面几种：

1.       It's+名词+不定式。例如：

It's his duty to help the old woman.

2.       It is +形容词 (+of/for sb.)+to do sth. 当该形容词是necessary, important, difficult,

hard,easy, impossible等表示事物的特点或特征时,用for;当该形容词是kind, nice, good, bad, wise, clever,silly, foolish, careless, rude, brave,cruel, careful, grateful等表示人的特征或特点时,用of。例如：

It is difficult for us to learn English well.

It’s kind of you to help me.

3. It's +名词+动名词短语。这样的名词有worth,use, good, fun, a waste of, job, task等。例如：

It’s fun doing this.

It is not an easy task doing this work.

It's no use arguing with him.

It's well worth listening to the music again.

4. It's +过去分词 +名词性从句 。常用于该句型的过去分词有: said,told,reported,known,hoped,expected,believed等。通常译为"据说(报道……)"。例如：

It's said that he has gone to London for further study.

It's reported that the president will come to visit our city.

另外，用于该句型的动词还有order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand, require,

request等表示“请求，建议，命令”等词。此时that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省。例如：

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

It was ordered that the project be completed by the end of this year.

5. It's +名词/形容词+名词性从句。

1) It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 。该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 例如：

It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.

It is a surprise that you gave such an answer to the question.

2) It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural...) that ... 。该句型和上一个同属一个句型。that 后的从句中常用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 常省去。例如：

It is important that we (should) learn English well.

It is strange that he (should) pass the exam.

3) It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain…) that…。该句型常译为“清楚（显然，真的，肯定……）” 例如：

It is probable that he has known everything.

It is certain that he will come tomorrow.

6. It takes/costs sb.some time/some money to do sth.. 该句型常译为“花费某人时间或金钱做某事”。例如：

It took me two hours to finish the task.

It cost me twenty dollars to hire a bike.

7. It ＋动词＋从句: 这样的动词有seem, happen, appear, look, matter, turn out, strike to, occur to(突然想起)等。例如：

It occurred to me that I should have a talk with my teacher.

It looks as if it is going to rain this afternoon.

It doesn’t matter whether you agree or not.

8. It’s (just)(un)like sb. to do…。该句型译为“（不）像某人做某事的风格”。例如：

It was (just) like him to cheat in the exam..

9.It is up to sb. to do sth. 该句型译为“该由某人负责干某事”。例如：

It is up to you to look after the children.

高考例题

1.---How long do you think it will be ___  China sends a manned spaceship to moon?

  ---Perhaps two or three years.(福建06)

A.when   B.until   C.that   D.before

2. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET95)

A.There         B.This        C.That        D.It

3. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)

  A. this   B.that    C. it    D.he

4．In fact________is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (上海01)

A. this    B. that    C. there    D. it

5. Does ________ matter if he can't finish the job on time? (MET91)

A.this   B.that   C.he   D.it

6.The Foreign Minister said,“____our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” （北京04）

A.This is   B.There is   C.That is   D.It is

7.____in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.(上海05)

A.What is required   B.What requires   C.It is required   D.It requires

KEY; 1.D 2.D.3.C.4.D.5.D.6.D 7.C

三、 it 用作形式宾语

不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面。

1.主语+谓语+it+宾补（名词或形容词）+真正宾语。常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel等。例如：

I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here

They have made it a rule to listen to music before going to bed.

I think it no good learning without thinking.

2．主语+谓语+it+真正宾语。这里的谓语通常是表示“喜欢、憎恨”等心理方面动词如like,hate,enjoy,prefer等。例如：

I would appreciate it if you can give me a hand.

3.特殊句式中的形式宾语。如“owe it to sb. that……把……归功于…… ；leave it to sb that……把……留给某人去做； take it for granted that ……想当然；keep it in mind that…记住；see to it that…务必，确保；depend/rely on it that…相信，毫无疑问”等。例如：

See to it that the work is done well.

You can depend on it that he is sure to succeed.

经典高考例题

1.I”d appreciate ____if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(山东06)

A.that   B.it   C this   D.you

2.As the busiest woman in Norton,she made ____ her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (湖南06)

A.this   B.that   C.one   D.it

3.A warm thught suddenly came to me ____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for mother’s birthday.(安徽06)

A.if   B.when   C.that   D.which

4. I don't think________possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. (MET90)

A. this    B. that    C. its    D.it

5. I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET98)

A.it    B.that   C. these    D.them

6.The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(全国I 05)

A.that   B.it   C.this   D.him

7.I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (全国I 05)

A.this   B.that   C.it   D.one

KEY; 1.B.2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.C

四、it 用于强调结构

强调句型是：It's +被强调部分+that/ who+句子的其他部分。强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点：

1. 被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语，但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容，如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、not until...，not only...but also...，...as well as...等结构。例如：

It was Tom who broke the window.

It was in the evening that he broke into the house.

2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。例如：

It was because it rained that the meeting was put off..

3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上 。例如：

    It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.

4. 强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is /Was it…who/that…? 例如：

Was it during the Second World War that he died?

5. 强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is /was it that…?(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词) 。例如：

When is it that you will go abroad?

   Who was it that you talked with just now?

   当强调名词性从句中的特殊疑问词时，要用陈述结构。即：“……特殊疑问词＋it +is /was that…” 例如：

   I wonder what it is that they are talking about.

经典高考例题

1.It was after he got what he had desired ___he realized it was not so important.(辽宁06)

A.that   B.when   C.since   D.as.

2.I just wonder ____ makes him so excited(.山东06)

A.why it does   B.what he does   C.how it is   D.what it is

3. It was about 600 years ago ________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. (NMET97)

A. that    B. until C. before    D. when

4. It was not ________she took off her glasses ________I realized she was a famous film star. (NMET92)

A.when; that   B.until; that   C.until; when   D.when; then

5.It wasn’ until nearly a month later ___ I received the manager’s reply.(全国I 05)

A.since   B.when   C.as   D.that

6.It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.（天津05）

A.that   B.what   C.which   D.this

7.--- ___ that he managed to get the information?（山东05）

 ---Oh,a friend of his helped him.

 A.Where was it   B.What was it   C.How was it   D.Why was it

8.It was after the invention of printing ___ to publish large numbers of books and pictures.（上海春05）

A.were people able   B.that people were able

C.when were people able    D.people were able

9.Why I have nothing to confess.___ you want me to say.

A.What is it that   B.What ir is that   C.How it that   D.How it is that

10.It was ___ back home after the examination.（湖北04）

A.not until midnight did he go   B.until midnight that he didn’t go  

C.not until midnight that he went   D.until midnight when he didn’t go

11.It was with great joy ___ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.（福建04）

A.because   B.which   C.since   D.that

12.It was only with the help of the local people ___ .（上海春04）

A.was the mountain climber rescued

B.that the mountain climber was rescued

C.when the mountain climber was rescued

D.then mountain climber was rescued

KEY；1.A 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.C 11.D 12.B

五、it用于固定短语中

常用短语列举如下：

1.make it约定时间；做到；成功。

You don’t have to worry;he’ll make it.

2.forget it没关系；别在意；算了吧。

---How much do I owe you?

---Forget it.

3.watch it当心；注意。

You’d better watch it.If you get into trouble again,you’ll be fired.

4.it depends视情况认而定。

---How many soldiers will be sent there?

---It depends.

5.foot it 步行；走路。

  I’m sorry I’m late---I missed the bus and I had to foot it.

6.as it is 事实上；像现在这样Don’t touch it,leave it as it is.

7. It’s up to you由你决定；听你的。

It’s up to you to decide where we are going to.

8.take it easy别紧张；别急。

Take it easy when you’re on the stage.

Take it easy;we’ve got plenty of time.

9.call it a day今天就到此为止。

After typing the paper for the third time,she decided to call it a day.

10.that’s it.对啦；正是这样；没有别的了。

---I guess you’ve win the game.

---That’s it.

11.It doesn’t matter不要紧；没关系。

---Sorry,I’m late.

---It doesn’t matter.

12.go it努力；加油。

Go it,George!

13.Don’t mention it不用谢、别客气；没关系。

---Thank you very much for your kindness.

---Don’t mention it

经典高考例题

1.---How often do you eat out?

  ---____,but usually once a week.(天津2004)

A.Hve na idea   B.It depends   C.As usual   D.Certainly speaking

2.---What do you want to do next? We have half an hour before the basketball game.

  ---____.Whatever you want to do is fine with me.(浙江2004)

A.It just depends   B.It’s up to you   C.All right   D.Glad to meet you`

3.---I’d like to take a week’s holiday.

  ---____,we’re too busy.(广西2004)

A.Don’t worry  B.Don’t mention it   C.Forget it   D.Pardon me

4.---How long are you staying?(江苏2004)

  ---I don’t know.____.

A.That’s OK   B.Never mind   C.it depends   D.It doesn’t matter

 5.---Shall we go to the art exhibition right now?

  --____.(安徽2005)

A.It’s your opinion   B.I don’t mind   C.It’s all up to you   D.That’s your decision

6.---I’m terribly sorry I broke your glass.

  ---____.(安徽2005)

A.That’s right   B.Bad luck   C.Sorry   D.You can forget it

7.---When shall we start?

  ---Let’s ____ it 8:30.Is it all right?(北京02)

A.set   B.meet   C.make   D.take

KEY;1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.C